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Objective
The study's objective was to examine whether adherence to three plant‐based dietary indices (PDIs) mediated or moderated genetic susceptibility to obesity.
Methods
Baseline participants were 7037 adults (57% women, aged 55.6 ± 7.7 years) from the CARTaGENE cohort of Quebec adults. Two polygenic risk scores for BMI (PRS‐BMI), 92 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and 2 million single‐nucleotide...
Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects of a 20‐week exercise training program on device‐assessed sleep and sleep‐disordered breathing; and to determine whether participating in a session of the exercise program had effects on device‐assessed sleep the subsequent night in children with overweight/obesity.
Methods
A randomized clinical trial was conducted from November...
Objective
This observational study investigated metabolomic changes in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after weight loss. We hypothesized that metabolite changes associated with T2D‐relevant phenotypes are signatures of improved health.
Methods
Fasting plasma samples from individuals undergoing bariatric surgery (n = 71 Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass [RYGB], n = 22 gastric banding), lifestyle...
Objective
The study objective was to determine the effect of gentrification on the weight outcomes of New York City public school students living in public housing.
Methods
In a prospective cohort of 19,022 New York City public school students in public housing followed during 2009–2017, weight outcomes of students living in public housing buildings in gentrified neighborhoods were compared to...
Objective
Whether adiposity traits are causal risk factors for cardiopulmonary multimorbidity (CP‐MM) remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the causal role of adiposity traits in the development of CP‐MM.
Methods
This study involved 408,886 participants from the UK Biobank who had complete phenotypic and genetic data. Cox regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses...
Historically, obesity was viewed as a lifestyle disease, with an associated lifestyle solution, and approaches that embody the “eat less, move more” idea have dominated obesity treatment recommendations for over half a century. Meanwhile, the prevalence and severity of obesity continue to increase globally. Enter the so‐called “game changers”: glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. In the media...
Objective
The aim of this study was to discover novel markers underlying the improvement of skeletal muscle metabolism after bariatric surgery.
Methods
Skeletal muscle transcriptome data of lean people and people with obesity, before and 1 year after bariatric surgery, were subjected to weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)...
Objective
By exposing mice carrying a deletion of NADPH oxidase isoform 4, NOX4, specifically in pancreatic β cells (βNOX4−/−) to nutrient excess stimulated by a high‐fat diet (HFD), this study aimed to elucidate the role of β‐cell redox status in the development of meta‐inflammation within the diabetic phenotype.
Methods
The authors performed basic phenotyping of βNOX4−/− mice on HFD involving...
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the follistatin‐like 1 (Fstl1) and disco‐interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2a) axis in relation to lipid metabolism during and after endurance exercise and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of Fstl1 on adipocytes, considering its regulation by exercise and muscle mass and its link to obesity.
Methods
Twenty‐nine...
Objective
Promoting thermogenesis in adipose tissue has been a promising strategy against obesity and related metabolic complications. We aimed to identify compounds that promote thermogenesis in adipocytes and to elucidate their functions and roles in metabolism.
Methods
To identify compounds that directly promote thermogenesis from a structurally diverse set of 4800 compounds, we utilized a cell‐based...
Objective
This study aimed to determine the effects of different energy loads on the gut microbiota composition and the rates of energy and nutrient excretion via feces and urine.
Methods
A randomized crossover dietary intervention study was conducted with three dietary conditions: overfeeding (OF), control (CON), and underfeeding (UF). Ten healthy men were subjected to each condition for 8 days...
Objective
Given the complex interaction among the circadian system, energy metabolism, and obesity, the authors tested whether having obesity impacts the circadian variation in energy and glucose metabolism in humans.
Methods
Participants with BMI either in the healthy weight or obesity ranges were studied in a 5‐day, in‐laboratory protocol that equally distributed behaviors (i.e., sleep, eating,...
Objective
To explore the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg in people with overweight/obesity who were also being treated with antidepressants (ADs).
Methods
Across the Semaglutide Treatment Effect for People with obesity (STEP) 1–3 and 5 trials, adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2 only) were enrolled. People with severe major depressive disorder within 2 years prior...
Objective
Genetic studies have suggested that the branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine, and isoleucine have a causal association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, inferences are based on a limited number of genetic loci associated with BCAAs.
Methods
Instrumental variables (IVs) for each BCAA were constructed and validated using large well‐powered data sets and their association...
Objective
This study examined BMI in young men and incident site‐specific cancer to estimate population attributable fractions due to BMI based on projected obesity prevalence.
Methods
A population‐based cohort study with measured height and weight at age 18. Cox regression models assessed linear associations for BMI and included age, year, and site of conscription as well as parental level of...
Objective
This study assessed the effect of 1‐year administration of diazoxide choline extended‐release tablet (DCCR) on hyperphagia and other complications of Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS).
Methods
The authors studied 125 participants with PWS, age ≥ 4 years, who were enrolled in the DESTINY PWS Phase 3 study and who received DCCR for up to 52 weeks in DESTINY PWS and/or its open‐label extension...
Contemporary antiobesity medications (AOMs) are highly efficacious for the treatment of obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities. Given this effectiveness, lifestyle factors within the context of AOM treatments need to refocus and move away from efforts to enhance weight loss. Rather, lifestyle considerations should pivot to being complementary to the benefits realized with AOM treatment and be redirected...
Objective
Overweight and obesity, as commonly indicated by a higher BMI, are associated with functional alterations in the brain, which may potentially result in cognitive decline and emotional illness. However, the manner in which these detrimental impacts manifest in the brain's dynamic characteristics remains largely unknown.
Methods
Based on two independent resting‐state functional magnetic...
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